IMC PLAN - PURINA PRO PLAN Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IMC PLAN - PURINA PRO PLAN - Assignment Example Purina Pro Plan had already run few successful campaigns too in the market, and this drive also has a potential to gain probable customers and can increase sales. Purina Pro Plan is a trustworthy brand from the experts’ point of view and has apparently an image of healthy and nutritious pet food over pet keeper’s mind, providing complete range of cat and dog food. The idea to generate this campaign is that people find difficulties in carrying their pet in flight, a campaign of Purina Pro Plan is offering a two-way fare on International travelling with the validity of 45 days. The company will print two series of code; one in descending order and other one in ascending order. Every pack will have a hidden code. For example: any customer has 67899 and other will have 99876. A person has to post their pet’s picture with his pet food pack, using hashtag #mypurinastarpet and code number. When two people can match their inverse series they can claim with picture and code number to the company and then both pet keepers can have a two-way international ticket for their pet with validity of 45 days. Communication and continuous interaction between the company’s personnel and Purina Pro Plan buyer will increase the visibility of a Brand in the market, it will help to retain brand loyalty and Potential buyers will switch to this Brand. The company is going to run its Advertisements via traditional and nontraditional ways, Internet marketing through social media ads, direct marketing and fliers in college and university campuses and bus stops, teaser advertisements on TV and radio. In nontraditional, Picture booth will be placed at bus stops, public places and at veteran hospitals. The company’s personnel will look over sales, before the campaign start and compare with every passing month. Social engine optimization tool will be used on regular basis to check the users’ response. In case of low engagement, more attractive ads and content will

English Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

English Literature - Essay Example ‘Browsing’ no longer connotes rifling through the pages of a book, but the surfing of the net. The very word ‘reading’ is no longer confined to print, but to the perusal of text on the monitor of a computer. Everything, from dictionaries to atlases, has been usurped by the net. After all, who wants an atlas, when one can have ‘Google Earth?’ When books themselves seem well on the way to surviving only as bound exhibits in museums, or fashion statements on coffee tables, does the study of Literature remain relevant today? However, anyone who has curled up on a sofa with a detective yarn, sighed over a tale of unrequited love, or laughed out loud over the antics of a comic hero, can shrug aside such cynicism. Anyone who has ever experienced the magic of books can hold fast to the certainty that Literature will always remain an integral part of a cultured, fulfilled human life. Literature is the expression of the highest human thought. Yes, scientific knowledge exhibits mans’ intellectual achievement and its’ manifestation in the mastery of the physical world. But, it is Literature which satisfies the soul, along with music and art. After all, it is this striving for more than the mere satisfaction of basic physical needs which distinguishes man from the animals. The beauty of the written word transcends that of Nature, and it is Literature which gives expression to this beauty. Life is shaped by Literature. From Aesop’s fable of The Fox and the Grapes to the nursery rhyme of The Little Engine Which Could, from the adventures of the Hardy Boys to tales of Sinbad the Sailor, from Greek and Indian mythology to Shakespeare and Steinbeck, Literature gives expression to the lessons learnt from the past and serves as a guide to the future. It is Literature which showcases the strongest and purest of human emotions,

Private or public Essay Example for Free

Private or public Essay Most parents want their children to gain better knowledge because knowledge is the most vital thing for children to live through in the future. To gain better knowledge, the most right thing is to choose an appropriate school. Parents struggle with it because it is relatively difficult to choose an appropriate school for their children. They consider choosing either private school or public school. There are many differences between public and private schools. The purpose of this essay is to differentiate teachers, studying conditions and tuition of private and public schools. The first difference between private and public school is teachers. Teachers of private school are better educated than teachers of public schools. Because private school employers try to hire well educated teachers who have not only have a bachelor’s degree but also have a graduate degree. The quality of education is the most important one. Moreover, private school teachers have to have well communication skills and ability to teach well. In contrast, public schools don’t care much of their teachers. Any teacher who has a bachelor’s degree can teach in public school. The second difference between private and public school is studying conditions. Studying condition in private school is less noisy than that in public school. Because, private school have less number of students and teachers as compared to the public schools. In addition, studying rooms are more comfortable than that in public schools. Moreover, studying rooms in public schools are known to be worse than in private schools with buildings, libraries and furniture. Many prestigious private schools provide new books to their students which make students more likely to study. On the contrary, most books which are provided from public schools are old. For this reason, students motivation to study decreases. The third difference between private and public school is tuition. Most private schools charge tuitions. Most of the private schools hold an event for parents. These activities are dedicated for parents to have stable communication between teachers and parents. In conclusion, parents choose private schools because it is better than public schools. I graduated from private school but, I had studied public school too. So, I know the differences and identifications of private and public schools. The reason why I choose private school is, I studied better in private school than in public school. There were many advantages that I found in a private school which were the studying condition was better in private school and teachers were highly qualified than that in public school. It is much better to choose private school because private school can educate student better than public school. Despite, private school charges tuition while it can give students much more education than public school. The more you pay, the more you take.

Bidding for Event Management

Bidding for Event Management Background/Context Western Australian Football League (WAFL) was first established in 1885 and is based in Perth, Western Australia. WAFL is partnered with the seven network and sponsored by McDonalds. WAFL currently has nine teams competing in a 24 rounds season which commences in March and concludes in September each year. The 2017 grand final will be played on the 23rd September at the Domain in Perth. The celebrity singer proposed to perform four of her most popular songs at the 2017 grand final is the RB and pop singer Jessica Mauboy. Jessica Mauboy will also attending the pre-event activities including meet and greet and promotional events. Jessica Mauboy is one of Australias most successful female artists that rose to fame after competing on the television program Australian Idol. Attendance at WAFL has dropped in recent times however the largest crowd was during the 2010 grand final with 24,638 spectators. Jessica Mauboy popularity will be utilised to not only promote the WAFL but to increase a ttendance of spectators with a maximum capacity of 43,500. The event will be televised on the seven network and broadcast throughout western Australia on several radio stations. Executive Summary The following report indicates on how the event WAFL- Western Australian Football League, will deliver the celebrity performance. The event of music concert will take place in the WAFL stadium only, before and along with the matches. Taking place in Perth on 23rd of September 2017, the WAFL will have a huge amount of spectators. The celebrity will be invited to add an extra buck of fun along with the increase in the number of spectators. The report draws the attention towards the information on who that celebrity is going to be, and all the related tasks those would be included in hiring the celebrity. Along with this, the report includes the information on what is it going to cost to hire the celebrity and conduct the whole event, while taking the safety and quality into considerations. The main problems and their solution will also be discussed in the following report, moreover the further considerations to the risks involved and their ultimate solutions are also included in the report. Along with this information, the report also reflects the detailed information on other minor and sub-projects those are going to be dependent upon this project. The report evaluates every possible aspect related to the event and the event related persons or stakeholders. Objectives The objective of the project is to win the bid for the logistics, event management and coordination for the event at the 2017 WAFL Grand Final. Once achieved, the objective is to organise a smooth-running successful event with Jessica Mauboy performing at the WAFL Grand Final. Another objective is to increase the maximum number of attendance which is within budgets and satisfies all stakeholders needs and expectations. Target Outcomes The target is to sell at least 85% of capacity which is 36,975 tickets sales. This can be measured on the total attendance rate. The target is to meet budgets and success can be measured on the actual expenditure vs. budgeted costs. The goal is to achieve at least 100% satisfaction rate in regards to the entertainment. This goal can be measured through customer surveys and data can be captured from any complaints. How will the success of the project be measured? Customer Satisfaction Within the budget Deliver on time Output(s) Successful and profitable event Excellent time management Planning and executing event in such a way that guest enjoy being at the event Proper management of manpower (to be investigated further) Governance: who is going to be responsible if the event fail? The WAFC attempted a complete audit of its administration techniques to guarantee that best practice frameworks and procedures were consolidated in basic leadership. Commissioners roles and duties Board execution and performance Committees Terms of Reference Delegation of Powers and Authority Approvals HR/Football/Finance Policies Football related contracts and rules register Integrity issues and procedures Review of the WAFC Constitution Key competition has additionally been surveyed and corrected including: WAFL Rules Regulations WAFL Funding Agreement Updating integrity requirements into WAFL and other competitions Reporting Requirements To be investigated Resources TheWestern Australian Football league will be administrated by the not-for-profit association Western Australian Football Commission. The event production company LUX will oversee the artists performance in the WAFL Final. Until 2015 the insurance company AAMI was one of the main sponsors of the WAFL and nowadays McDonalds is the current sponsor of the Western Australian Football league. Supporting the WAFL, McDonalds will sponsor the artists performance. Artists Performance Sponsors: LUX event production company will oversee: Design of the event, which includes marketing. Filming and editing Stage designer. Technical production materials 3 big led screens in the scenario (Left side, right side and behind the artist). Equipment for media server. Operational and controlling lighting system. Sound production. Sound equipment. Microphones. Stage. Backstage (Marquee tent, tables, chairs, sanitary and electrical facilities) Budget Budget To be investigated Stakeholders Communication strategy Objective is to have a transparent and open communication with stakeholders throughout the project life cycle. Communication Plan Six months prior to the event, the event management team will communicate the purpose, objective and share the event management plan with key stakeholders. Direct feedback will be gather from key stakeholders through emails, phone calls and face to face meetings. If required, the project plan will be adjusted or amended to ensure that majority of stakeholders are satisfied and the changes will be communicated. Three months prior to the event the promotional activities will be established and commence through liaising with the marketing sponsors and advertising will be through radio announcements and competitions, and advertisements on social media such as Facebook and Instagram. One month prior to the event, the project team will communicate with key stakeholders on any further changes and how well the marketing campaign is progressing. One week prior to the event, the project team will communicate with the stakeholders the expected attendance numbers and report on the success of the promotional activities. One week after the event, the project team will provide the sponsors with a report on the event and communicate to all stakeholders the overall success of the event. Stakeholders Project Management Team Jessica Mauboy Sony Music Australia Domain Venue Managers Spectators Volunteers Backstage Staff Football Players Makeup Artist/Hair Dresser Sound Engineer Security Sponsors Media Seven Network KIX Country digital 107.3 HFM 91.3 SportsFM 720 ABC Perth ABC Grandstand Digital Fox FM Kix Digital HFM Assumptions and Constraints 2010 WAFL Grand Final was the largest crowd. The final was between Swan Districts and Claremont at Domain Stadium. Celebrity Performance Jessica Mauboy 50K-80K Flights Sydney -Melbourne $439 Melbourne-Sydney $439 Qantas airline Flexible flights Accommodation Length of stay: 6 days (19th September 2017- 24th September 2017) Rendezvous Hotel Melbourne: $760 (5 nights) Food Budget approx.$1500 (6 days) Security MA Security Group Budget: To be investigated. Celebrity Background Second place in Australian Idol I Am World Tour Beyonce and Chris Brown F.A.M.E tour participation. Ricky Martin mentor in The Voice programme Ambassador for the Indigenous Boxing clash event interpreted the Australian Anthem Artists performance songs: Pop a bottle (Fill me up) (Beginning) Burn Inescapable (Youngboyz Mix) Running back ft Flo Rida (Final) WAFL FINAL ATTENDANCE Year Attendance 2009 22,738 2010 24,638 (largest attendance) 2011 15,459 2012 18,612 2013 20,008 2010 WAFL Grand Final was the largest crowd. The final was between Swan Districts and Claremont at Domain Stadium. The total capacity of Domain Stadium is 43500 spectators. The final will be with both or either Swan Districts or Claremont It is expected to overweight the largest attendance in 2010.Jessica Mauboy performance in the grand final will be done to achieve 35,000 spectators. McDonalds and Coca-Cola tickets available in different stores will incentive WAFL grand final sales. Taking approach of the singer boom will be possible achieve attendance goal. Constraints; Budget constraints. Experience and knowledge. Lack of information about past WAFL gran finals. Time for event creation. Major Risks Minimisation Strategies Risk Register Risk Consequences Likelihood Treatments Options/Mitigation Plan Person responsible for implementation Overwhelmed crowd Personal Injury High Permanent volunteers and staff looking after the spectators Western Australian Football Commission Disturbance inside and outside the stadium Personal Injury Low Pre-event, during and post-event police control Western Australian Football Commission Celebrity unable to perform Financial loss and public trust loss Medium Playback due to sickness, performance of another artist due to cancellation. Event board Sound failure Harm to reputation of business community in charge of the sound Medium Sound engineer after and during the event, sound check 2 days after the event, extra sound equipment. Event board Electrical failure Harm to reputation of business community in charge of the electricity Medium Electrical engineer after and during the event, Lights and electricity check 2 days after the event, extra electrical equipment. Event board Communication failure Harm to reputation of business community in charge of the communications Medium Communication staff after and during the event, communication procedures and equipment check 2 days after the event, extra electrical equipment. Event board Extreme weather events. Personal injury and financial loss Low Forecast weather examination prior event. Event board, Western Australian Football Commission Explosion Personal injury and financial loss Low Trained staff able to manage incidents before, during and after the event. Complete evacuation plan approved by the corresponding authorities Western Australian Football Commission Risk Management Event description WAFL Final Date: 23rd September 2017 Time: 2.30pm Venue: Domain Stadium, Perth Location; Perth, Western Australia Running schedule: Colts game kicks: 8.40am Reserves: 11.20am Performance time: 2.00 pm Final league: 2.30pm Issues Management Issues related to the event are to be identified and manage before and at the time of the event. Some of the major issues that should be managed are as follows: Issues related to sponsors Conflicts between staff team Crowd control and security Barriers and concert crowd control Health and safety issues Medical and first aid Restriction on tobacco and smoking during the event Emergency management Management of alcohol Drug related issues Related Projects The following section includes the sub projects those are related to this event in any way. The colts and reserve matches The grand prix finals Guidelines/Standards The main purpose of guidelines is to identify basic standards and measures for organizing an event to satisfy authorities such as government, police department, emergency service organizations and the stakeholders. Guidelines and standards is necessary to satisfy authorities and provide a consistent state-wide approach to event. Quality Control This section of the report will be one of the most important aspect. As this is the only section from where this can be recognized that how efficient the system is going to be designed. The review on how the things are going on so far, would be collected from different sources at different times throughout the whole project. This will allow the managers and event organizers on where they are perfect and where they need to put on more efforts. Basically the quality control is the inspection, testing and checking of the product that we are working on, where the prime moto is to check if something is not okay and then to fix the problems.(Jane Bennett) A few of the sources of these reviews can be: The spectators The event organizers The volunteers The celebrity himself The inspection teams The media Online reviews (Facebook and other social medias) Capturing the lessons Learnt Did we meet the budget? Have we stick to our schedule? Have we had enough time? Actions and decisions taking during the monitoring and controlling stage Is money sufficient Did event run smoothly? Enough Marketing Do we have the right team? Manage Human Resources through KPIs (key performance Indicator) Project Activities and Milestones Project activities and milestones can be divided into 5 phases Phase 1-Pre event approval and application This phase includes all the activities in planning process that enables an event to be held in a safe and proper manner. Approval from the celebrity , sponsors and relevant stakeholders with signed contract Developing a budget The budget should be specific, and include revenue opportunity (sponsorship, ticket sales, donations etc.) as well expenses such as printings, permits, insurance, speakers, food supplies and security. Along with this we also need to plan for the unexpected budget to be on the safer side. Marketing campaign Pre-ticket sales Procurement of necessary equipment Phase 2- Load In This phase includes all the pre event physical activities, delivery and construction of infrastructures and equipment necessary for the event. Setting up a stage, sound systems, lighting systems etc. Arrival of the celebrity Phase 3- Event This phase includes all the aspects from when the crowd starts queuing outside for entry until the last person leaves. Phase 4- Load Out This comprises the breakdown of facilities, clean-up , pack up and departure of the celebrity. Phase 5- Post event reporting An event reporting should be carried out with all the relevant stakeholders. Following the event debrief there should be an evaluation of the event to determine its overall success in terms of minimizing risks and avoiding harm, accidents and disturbances.

Kerouac’s Spontaneous Prose and the Post-War Avant-Garde Essay

Kerouac’s Spontaneous Prose and the Post-War Avant-Garde My title comes from one of Kerouac’s own essays, â€Å"Aftermath: The Philosophy of the Beat Generation,† which he published in Esquire in March 1958. In it, he identifies the Beats as subterranean heroes who’d finally turned from the ‘freedom’ machine of the West and were taking drugs, digging bop, having flashes of insight, experiencing the ‘derangement of the senses,’ talking strange, being poor and glad, prophesying a new style for American culture, a new style (we thought) completely free from European influences (unlike the Lost Generation), a new incantation. (Kerouac, â€Å"Aftermath† 47) Kerouac’s â€Å"new style for American culture† was the spontaneous prose method he developed in 1952, a dazzling fusion of the colloquial and the literary that utilized stylistic strategies drawn from movies, comic strips, pulp fiction, and jazz. But, fifty years on, Kerouac’s stylistic brilliance has still not been fully recognized. His reputation still rests, unfortunately, on his two most commercial novels, On the Road and The Dharma Bums. Neither of these novels is spontaneous prose. One version of On the Road was, indeed, written in a three week period on a 100 foot scroll of teletype paper, but Kerouac developed spontaneous prose after this famous scroll experiment; furthermore, the version of On the Road that was finally published in 1957 had been significantly revised several more times in the intervening years (Hunt 1). As Kerouac said in a 1968 interview, â€Å"In the days of Malcolm Cowley, with On the Road and The Dharma Bums, I had no power to stand by my style for better or worse. When Malcolm Cowley made endless revisions... ...ris Review. New York: The Modern Library, 1999. ---. Selected Letters, 1940-1956. Ed. Ann Charters. New York: Penguin Books, 1996. --- Selected Letters, 1957-1969. Ed. Ann Charters. New York: Penguin Books, 1996. Landau, Ellen. Jackson Pollock . New York: Abrams, 1989. MacAdams, Lewis. Birth of the Cool: Beat, Bebop, and the American Avant-Garde. New York: The Free Press, 2001. Mackey, Nathaniel. â€Å"Other: From Noun to Verb.† The Jazz Cadence of American Culture. Ed. R.G. O’Meally. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998. Miles, Barry. Jack Kerouac, King of the Beats: A Portrait. New York: Henry Holt, 1998. Rosenthal, David. Hard Bop: Jazz and Black Music, 1955-1965. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Stone, Robert. â€Å"American Dreamers: Melville and Kerouac.† Beat Down to Your Soul. Ed. Ann Charters. New York: Penguin, 2001.

Anthem :: Anthem Essays

Anthem As the novel opens Equality 7-2521 states that what he's doing is a sin. In his society it is a sin to do things that do not involve others, and the words he thinks and writes are for no one eyes to see or hear, but his own. In his society everyone thinks the same, and if you were to be the different one you would be sent to the palace of correction and detention. Equality 7-2521 actually had a mind of his own. As you can see Science fascinated him. For example in chapter 1 while it was dark Equality 7-2521 would sneak into a dark tunnel in which he would spend 3 hours doing scientific research, and experiments. He would also steal manuscripts from the scholars, and every night he would study. This went on for two years. The difference between Equality 7-2521 and his society is that he actually wanted to succeed, while the rest of his society would settle for what they were told to be. The "glass box", can also be referred as a light bulb. After countless nights of experi menting, Equality 7-2521 succeeds in connecting the power of electricity to re-invent the electric light. This invention that he came up with can benefit to society, but he doesn't know how to tell them. Remember, you can't do anything that others can't do. That was the philosophy that the society believed in. He figured that since the council wouldn't appreciate his work, he would rather show his invention to the scholars. When the World Council of Scholars arrives in his city, he will present to them, as his gift, the "glass box with the power of the sky." One night while Equality 7-2521 was working on an experiment in his tunnel, he totally lost track of time. He rushed out, and then the council questioned him on why was he late. Equality 7-2521 refused to answer and therefore he was sent to the palace of correction and detention. He was able to escape and retreat back to the tunnel. He found everything the same way that he had left it. He was then getting prepared f or the arrival of the scholars.

Study of Knowledge

Epistemology – The Study of Knowledge Jeff Castro PHI 200 Dr. Akins February 4, 2013 Epistemology – The Study of Knowledge The study of knowledge has always been the journey toward truth and understanding. Epistemology deals with the creation and distribution of knowledge in certain areas of inquiry. Humans should be free to gain, study and question knowledge and claims without repercussions in any social, cultural or religious setting. As we move forward in our understanding of life, religion and nature, we have changed our way of thinking through philosophy.We are less ignorant and uneducated about the truths of the world and how we as human beings perform in it. Knowledge and the confirmation of knowledge can be confirmed by propositional and procedural knowledge or knowledge by acquaintance. Propositional knowledge is expressed in declarative sentences or indicative propositions of one’s knowledge based on the known or knowing that. If someone says â€Å"all birds have feathers† they are stating or asserting a proposition that is factual or somewhat factual. Procedural knowledge is the knowledge used in the performance of a task, such as knowing how to replace brakes on a vehicle.It is learned knowledge through doing that act. Knowledge by acquaintance is experience based knowledge learned through casual interaction, such as knowing a place or person well (Mosser, 2010). Knowing for certain is always questionable because everything can be challenged. For the three identified ways of attaining knowledge, the most challenged one is propositional knowledge. Propositional knowledge receives the most skepticism because of the statements it brings forward, like â€Å"I believe that†, â€Å"I know that† and â€Å"I think that† (Steup, 2005). These statements are based on one’s beliefs, thoughts and ideas which can be questioned.If knowledge is based on one’s beliefs or opinions it will bring challenges , but remember an individual’s ideas based on beliefs or opinions should respected. We are certain of the other two due to experiencing or performing acts to solidify the knowledge. But then still can be questioned because of different procedures or experiences can still result in a different or validation of an outcome or answer. To justify what we really know is inherited, learned or experienced. We cannot really be certain of our knowledge because we can be tricked or limited by our sense that provides us this information to confirm or deny what we know or learn.Knowledge at one point is imperfect, but the truth at that point and is reinforced by the progress of science to be an absolute truth to some degree and as Vladimir Lenin says, â€Å"There is no impassable boundary between relative and absolute truth. † (Bogdanov, 1908). The normal order of the world is how we perceive it through our senses. It can play tricks on us and deceive through illusions that the min d receives from sight, sound, taste and touch. How humans recognize what is real and not real through their senses is known as empiricism (Mosser, 2010).Empiricists view that there is no such thing as innate knowledge, but instead knowledge is received from experience. On the argument side you have rationalism which view knowledge to be innate. It argues that the knowledge of God, mathematics and science cannot be explained by the senses (Mosser, 2010). But this does contradicts how we learn, because without the senses how do we learn mathematics, science or the knowledge of God (the bible). Innate knowledge is derived from the mind, but requires other things to support or build the mind, the senses.Let’s break down the five senses (vision, sound, touch, smell and taste) and try to understand what can be limited and why. Vision can be received or altered based on the ability to distinguish objects, the depth or field, color, contrast, or even color blindness. Sound can be aff ected by the volume or pitch that is received by the ears. Touch can be affected by your haptic perception and how sensitive one’s outer skin is. Smell and taste can be affected by our bad habits (smoking and drinking), disease or medications. So the limitations of one’s senses can fool and be limited by our own doings and by the aging process (Gwizdka, 2010).Cognitive relativism is the idea of the knowledge we hold of the real world requires assistance from our mental/mind to build and support and that things being the truth or false are relative to a society, group or individual. I also realize that there are cognitive bias, notational bias and culture bias, which prevents us from seeing or analyzing something objectively with our senses (empiricism) which we cannot discount. So to really assert a position of truth would depend on who interprets it based on moral, ethical, or social view (Slick, 2012).Friedrich Nietzsche developed perspectivism which supports cogniti ve relativism in that there are many possible perspectives to determine any possible assessment of the truth to be determined. This means that there is doubt and uncertainty about how we see the world and the truth about it based on perspectives. The limits to human perception or cognition are bounded by each individual and how they can comprehend or process what they are receiving. The processing of the knowledge can be expanded upon through the use of one’s innate knowledge.We limited ourselves based on what we only know and what is in front of us. If we can make sense of the world beyond what our senses take in we would be much better off, but remember it is all based on one’s perspective of faith, ideas, thoughts and knowledge. Skepticism is originally was defined as someone who simply looked at things and now it is someone who doubts claims. Skepticism forces claims to be justified (Mosser, 2010). When assessing epistemology on the bases of what is known and the u nknown we will still question everything for it is uncertain that we really know the truth about something.Yet there will still be limits on what we question because some are based on faith, which is an individual’s belief in their religion. There are several types of skepticism: moral, religious, metaphysical and scientific. Each identifying a particular area to question or doubt, but what I find most questionable or intriguing are the religious skepticism or theological skepticism which examines faith-based claims and scientific skepticism or empirical skepticism which uses the scientific method of examining claims.Religious skepticism does not mean one would be either an Atheist or Agnostic. These skeptics question religious authority, but are not anti-religious just because they question specific or all religious beliefs or practices. One of the first religious skeptics was Socrates, he questioned the legitimacy of the beliefs during his time of the existence of various g ods and this led to his trial and execution. Scientific skepticism seek proof through deductive argument before accepting any knowledge in any area, such as health claims, environmental claims, parapsychology, etc.Carl Sagan originated scientific skepticism and was a world-famous astronomer and astrophysicist well known for supporting the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence (SETI) and questioned that there was more than earth in our and other vast universes. There is also a sub-set of scientific skepticism which is call activist skepticism who seek to expose or prove false publicly what they see as the truth behind extraordinary claims (Klein, 2000). Socrates claimed that he knew one and only one thing: that he knew nothing, which was in line with being a Pyrrhonist.He questioned everyone who claimed to have knowledge, hoping to learn from them, but he never claimed that gaining knowledge was impossible and never claimed to discover any knowledge. As such proof of never record ing anything to prove or disprove his knowledge (Mosser, 2010). Sagan wrote in his publications â€Å"Too much openness and you accept every notion, idea, and hypothesis—which is tantamount to knowing nothing. Too much skepticism—especially rejection of new ideas before they are adequately tested—and you’re not only unpleasantly grumpy, but also closed to the advance of science.A judicious mix is what we need. † (Sagan, 1995). Both men were skeptics who believed in questioning and challenging claims and exhibited a fascination with discovery. I believe it is in our nature to question everything to ensure we have validated the claim, but as Sagan has stated there is a fine line before tilting it too far to the left or right. I believe the two skepticisms try to get at the answer of how humans came to being. The religious skeptic will question all religions by comparing claims and questioning why to find the ultimate truth of our existence and our tr ue meaning.The scientific skeptic will require proof in the way of science before accepting knowledge to be true (Munchin, 2011). By taking the two and trying to analyze and form a more complete set of questions to develop a more sensible truth or theory behind the human existence would possibly help me understand or rationalize the questions of â€Å"why† and â€Å"how† in my mind. But I understand there are limits to what I chose to believe as my ideas or perceptions (Shogenji, 2011). The decision between right and wrong is relative to one’s society or cultural background.Relativism in the Muslim world would be a death sentence (honor killing) and we would see it as radical relativism. It is easily defendable in their culture and country because it is viewed as a norm or way of life, but not so within most other countries. It is all about perspective because we to at one time burned people at the stake for being witches. Ignorance and lack of education or know ledge made it defensible and accepted at that time. So is radical relativism defensible, it is all about an individual’s or country’s perspective, religious beliefs and culture to decide one way or the other (Mosser, 2010).The basic understanding of philosophy and how it affects our lives is sometimes transparent to most people because they only do without thinking. We have gotten so busy with our tethered lives we do not take the time to question why something is true or not, we move around like mindless beings. Epistemology gives us that way to question and seek knowledge to validate truth and to hope to truly understand the â€Å"why† and â€Å"how† of our lives and everything in and around us.Humans should be free to gain, study and question knowledge and claims without repercussions in any social, cultural or religious setting. But this is an ongoing battle to be free from repercussions or persecution of our thoughts, ideas and actions when publicall y projected. Some countries and cultures still lash out in the way of medieval and barbaric manner at anything that does not fit their way of life and interactions, but it is all relative and it still falls within the study of philosophy.Choosing to accept this or not, based on beliefs, ideas and religion is your choice, but to understand and have a greater degree of insight of knowledge and truth is true epistemology. References Bogdanov, A. (1908). Absolute and Relative Truth, or the Eclecticism of Engels. Retrieved from: http://www. marxists. org/archive/lenin/works/1908/mec/two5. htm Gwizdka, J. (2010). Human Perception & Cognition. Retrieved from: http://comminfo. rutgers. edu/~jacekg/teaching/ITI230_HCI/2006_4f/lectures/Lecture3. pdf Klein, P. (2000).Contextualism and the Real Nature of Academic Skepticism. Retrieved from: http://www. jstor. org. proxy-library. ashford. edu/stable/pdfplus/3050570. pdf? acceptTC=true Mosser, K. (2010). A Concise Introduction to Philosophy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Munchin, D. (2011). ‘Is theology a science? ’ Paul Feyerabend’s anarchic epistemology as challenge test to T. F. Torrance’s scientific theology. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/cv_756002/docview/894110952/fulltextPDF/13C00235777679CB0A0/4? accountid=32521 Sagan, C. 1995). Wonder and Skepticism, Vol 19, Issue 1. Retrieved from: http://www. positiveatheism. org/writ/saganws. htm Shogenji, T. (2011). Internalism and Externalism in Meliorative Epistemology. Retrieved from: http://search. proquest. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/cv_756002/docview/1111853938/fulltextPDF/13C06554AFF58193594/1? accountid=32521 Slick, M. (2012). Cognitive Relativism. Retrieved from: http://carm. org/secular-movements/relativism/cognitive-relativism Steup, M. (2005). Epistemology. Retrieved from: http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/epistemology/