Comparison of Charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce et...

Comparison of Charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce et Decorum A Comparison of Two Poems In this essay I will compare two poems. The poems that I will discuss, are ’Charge of the Light Brigade’ by Alfred, Lord Tennyson and ‘Dulce Et Decorum’ by Wilfred Owen. Wilfred Owen was actually a fighter in the war, where as Alfred, Lord Tennyson only wrote the poem on what he had heard and he had no experience of war. Although both poems are about war, they are a complete contrast to each other, not only in the way they are written but also with the message they deliver. ‘Charge of the Light Brigade’ delivers a strong message. The theme of this poem is war. The poem gives us the impression that war is glorious and noble. The poem†¦show more content†¦The assonance in this sentence sounds likes the horses trotting at a steady pace towards the opposition. In stanza two we continue picturing them heading towards war but also picture some drama and shouting. ‘â€Å"Forward, the light Brigade!† Was there a man dismay’d? Not tho’ the soldier knew someone had blunder’d’. We also imagine them showing great courage, ‘Their’s but to do and die: Into the valley of Death Rode the six hundred.’ In stanza three we picture them staring death straight in the eye as they are directly in front of the opposition, ‘Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them’ although they are in a terrifying situation the writer still makes them sound noble and courageous ‘Boldly they rode well, Into the jaws of Death, Into the mouth of Hell Rode the six hundred.’ Stanza four tells us about the battle. There is a great deal of onomatopoeia in stanza four which works well as it causes us to picture and hear exactly what is happening. Words such as: ’Plunged’, ’Reel’d’, Shatter’d and sunder’d’ are used. In stanza five we are told about them leaving the battle ‘Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon behind them’ at this point the writer helps us to feel thankful for what the warriors did and persuades us to earn a great deal of respect for the fighters as he says: While horse and hero fell, They that had fought so well Came thro’ the jawsShow MoreRelated Comparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade3627 Words   |  15 PagesComparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade Compare and contrast the two poems Dulce et Decorum Est (Owen) with Charge of the Light Brigade (Tennyson), paying particular attention to the writers’ attitude to war. The attitudes of poets towards war have always been expressed vigorously in their poetry, each poet either condoning or condemning war, and mitigating their attitudes in whatever way possible. I aim to explore the change in the portrayal of war beforeRead More A Comparison of Wilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum est to Alfred Tennyson’s Charge of the Light Brigade1881 Words   |  8 PagesA Comparison of Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† to Alfred Tennyson’s â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade† In this essay I will attempt to compare and contrast Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† to Alfred Tennyson’s â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade†. I will examine the use of poetic devices in the poems as well as outline what is happening in each. Wilfred Owen was born on the 18th of March 1893 in owestry, United Kingdom. He was the oldest of four children and was educated in an evangelicalRead MoreCompare and Contrast Dulce Et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade1442 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Charge Of The Light Brigade†. What images of war do these two poems convey? We have been studying the war poems Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen and Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson. Dulce Et Decorum Est was written during the First World War from 1914 to 1918 whilst Charge Of The Light Brigade was composed in the 19th century, and describes a battle that took place during the Crimean War. Both poems give a different impressionRead MoreComparing Dulce et Decorum Est with The Charge of The Light Brigade922 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Dulce et Decorum Est with The Charge of The Light Brigade The poems I am going to compare and contrast are Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen and The Charge of The Light Brigade by the Poet Laureate of his time, Lord Tennyson. These poems both have a main subject of war. The main difference though, which leads to many other differences in the two poems are that they were written very in different centuries and times. This time difference meant approachesRead MorePoetry Comparison Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry Comparison There have been many wars throughout time. Most people learn the facts through: papers, films, books or poems, but I am comparing two similar poems which have different meanings. Wilfred Owen who wrote the poem Dulce et Decorum est or Lord Alfred Tennyson who wrote The Charge of the Light Brigade. They are both based around the theme of war. Lord Alfred Tennyson is pro war and thinks its a good thing to die for your country. His poem was writtenRead MorePoem, The Charge Of The Light Brigade And Dulce Et Decorum Est1841 Words   |  8 PagesElizabeth Miller Literary Studies May 8, 2017 Literary Research Paper Tennyson Owen War Poems Their Ideas The poems, The Charge of The Light Brigade and Dulce et Decorum Est, both deal with an idea of war. The writers both have the same viewpoint about war, but the way that they articulate those ideas on paper varies. Through literary devices in the poems, the authors show two different wars, but the same tragic outcome – death. These two poems showcase how people can have different outlooksRead MoreComparing Dulce ET Decorum EST and the Charge of the Light Brigade759 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Dulce ET Decorum EST and the Charge of the Light Brigade Although both Dulce et Decorum Est. ´ and The Charge of the Light Brigade are about battle and the death of soldiers, they show the experience of war in different ways. Tennyson ´s poem is about the glory of war, despite the fact that, the English parliament had the wrong judgment this is why six hundred soldiers died. Wilfred Owen ´s poem, on the other hand, tells everybody what has really happenedRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est2365 Words   |  10 Pagesforce we call propaganda. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est pro patria mori† is a controversial phrase used to describe the benefits of going to war. It has different translations but it basically states â€Å"it is sweet and fitting to die for one’s country†, this is just one of the many techniques a nation could use to shade the soldiers to the harsh reality of war. In this essay I will be evaluating two poems Dulce et Decorum est and The Charge of the Light Brigade. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum† est is a poem about war writtenRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge of the Light Brigade - Poem Comparing and Contrasting Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pageshave opposing views about wars which may have been developed over time based on many factors such as family upbringing, culture, political views, or personal experiences. In the two poems studied, Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum est and A lfred, Lord Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade, war has been described with completely opposing views. In the former, Owen describes war as a horrifying and inglorious event with men in war being grim and sorrowful while the soldiers died devastatingly. OnRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge Of The Light Brigade - Poem Comparing And Contrasting Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pageshave opposing views about wars which may have been developed over time based on many factors such as family upbringing, culture, political views, or personal experiences. In the two poems studied, Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum est and Alfred, Lord Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade, war has been described with completely opposing views. In the former, Owen describes war as a horrifying and inglorious event with men in war being grim and sorrowful while the soldiers died devastatingly. On

Lupain Ng Taglamig Free Essays

DETERGENT PESTICIDE DISINFFECTANT PRESERVATIVES ADDITIVES MEDICINES BLEACH PETROLEUM JELLY ALUMINUM FOIL CORN STARCH NAME. ROMELYN. VILLAMAYOR YRamp;SEC; IV-EDISON TEACHER; MRS. We will write a custom essay sample on Lupain Ng Taglamig or any similar topic only for you Order Now SALUDES NAME:ERICA E. VILLAMAYOR GRamp;SEC: VI-MALINIS TEACHER:MR:PENIDA A  detergent  is a  surfactant  or a mixture of surfactants with â€Å"cleaning properties in dilute solutions. â€Å"[1]  These substances are usually alkylbenzenesulfonates, a family of compounds that are similar to  soap  but are more soluble in  hard water, because the polar sulfonate (of detergents) is less likely than the polar carboxyl (of soap) to bind to calcium and other ions found in hard water. In most household contexts, the term  detergent  by itself refers specifically to  laundry detergent  or  dish detergent, as opposed to  hand soapor other types of cleaning agents. Detergents are commonly available as powders or concentrated solutions. Detergents, like soaps, work because they are  amphiphilic: partlyhydrophilic  (polar) and partly  hydrophobic  (non-polar). Their dual nature facilitates the mixture of hydrophobic compounds (like oil and grease) with water. Because air is not hydrophilic, detergents are also  foaming agents  to varying degrees. Pesticides  are substances or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any  pest. [1]  Pesticides are a special kind of products for crop protection. Crop protection products in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, diseases or insects. A pesticide is generally a  chemical  or biological agent (such as a  virus,  bacterium,  antimicrobial  or  disinfectant) that through its effect deters, incapacitates, kills or otherwise discourages pests. Target pests can includeinsects, plant  pathogens, weeds,  molluscs,  birds,  mammals,  fish, nematodes (roundworms), and  microbes  that destroy property, cause nuisance, spread disease or are  vectors  for disease. Disinfectants  are substances that are applied to non-living objects to destroy  microorganismsthat are living on the objects. [1]  Disinfection does not necessarily kill all microorganisms, especially resistant  bacterial spores; it is less effective than  sterilisation, which is an extreme physical and/or chemical process that kills all types of life. 1]  Disinfectants are different from other  antimicrobial agents  such as  antibiotics, which destroy microorganisms within the body, and  antiseptics, which destroy microorganisms on living  tissue. Disinfectants are also different from  biocides  Ã¢â‚¬â€ the latter are intended to destroy all forms of life, not just microorganisms. Disinfectants work by destroying the cell wall of microbes or interfering with the metabolism. A  preservative  is a naturally occurring or synthetically produced substance that is added to products such as foods,pharmaceuticals, paints, biological samples, wood, etc. o prevent  decomposition  by  microbial  growth or by undesirable  chemicalchanges. Food additives  are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste and appearance. Some additives have been used for centuries; for example, preserving food by  pickling  (with  vinegar),  salting, as with  bacon, preserving  sweets  or using  sulfur dioxide  as in some  wines. With the advent of processed foods in the second half of the 20th century, many more additives have been introduced, of both natural and artificial origin. Medicine  is the  applied science  or practice of the  diagnosis,  treatment, and prevention ofdisease. [1]  It encompasses a variety of  health care  practices evolved to maintain and restore  health  by the  prevention  and  treatment  of  illness  in  human beings. Contemporary medicine applies  health science,  biomedical research, and  medical technology  to  diagnose  and treat injury and disease, typically through  medication  orsurgery, but also through therapies as diverse as  psychotherapy,  external splints amp; traction,  prostheses,  biologics,  ionizing radiation  and others. Bleach  has been serialized in the Japanese manga anthology  Weekly Shonen JumpsincAugust 2001, and has been collected into 56  tankobon  volumes as of September 2012. Since its publication,  Bleach  has spawned a  media franchise  that includes ananimated  television series  that was produced by  Studio Pierrot  in Japan from 2004 to 2012, two  original video animations, four animated feature films, seven  rock musicals, and  numerous video games, as well as many types of  Bleach-related  merchandise. Petroleum jelly,  petrolatum,  white petrolatum  or  soft paraffin,  CAS number  8009-03-8, is a  semi-solid  mixture of  hydrocarbons  (with  carbon  numbers mainly higher than 25),[1]  originally promoted as a topical  ointment  for its healing properties. Its folkloric medicinal value as a â€Å"cure-all† has since been limited by better scientific understanding of appropriate and inappropriate uses (see  uses  below). However, it is recognized by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration  (FDA) as an approved  over-the-counter  (OTC)  skin  protectant, and remains widely used in  cosmetic  skin care. Aluminium foil  is  aluminium  prepared in thin  metal leaves, with a thickness less than 0. 2 millimetres (8  mils), thinner gauges down to 6  Ã‚ µm (0. 2  mils) are also commonly used. [1]  In the USA, foils are commonly gauged in  mils. Standard household foil is typically 0. 016 millimetres (0. 6  mils) thick and heavy duty household foil is typically 0. 024 millimetres (0. 9  mils). The  foil  is pliable, and can be readily bent or wrapped around objects. Thin foils are fragile and are sometimes  laminated  to other materials such asplastics  or  paper  to make them more useful. Aluminium foilsupplanted  tin foil  in the mid 20th century. Corn starch is used as a  thickening agent  in  soups  and liquid-based foods, such assauces,  gravies  and  custards  by mixing it with a cold liquid to form a paste or slurry. It is sometimes preferred over  flour  because it forms a  translucent  mixture, rather than anopaque  one. As the starch is heated, the molecular chains unravel, allowing them to collide with other starch chains to form a mesh, thickening the liquid (Starch gelatinization). How to cite Lupain Ng Taglamig, Papers Lupain Ng Taglamig Free Essays Lyrics of Suddenly It’s Magic Ft. Erik Santos – Angeline Quinto I always thought I would be strong If I made it through the pain Well, I’ve been in and out of love And it all hurts just the same Love can really change your life There’s something magic in my world tonight I feel So free It’s like a fantasy Having you next to me Suddenly it’s Magic One look One touch, Words just won’t say enough When you fall in love, Suddenly, suddenly it’s magic. I’m not afraid of letting go, I’ve got to find what’s right for me. We will write a custom essay sample on Lupain Ng Taglamig or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’m not afraid to stand alone If that’s the way it has to be After all that I’ve been through, There’s magic when I’m here with you I feel So free It’s like a fantasy Having you next to me Suddenly it’s Magic One look One touch, Words just won’t say enough When you fall in love, Suddenly, suddenly it’s magic. We can dream our dream forever When I’m here with you, baby Heaven’s a heartbeat away. Now that we’re together Love could last forever There’s magic in my life with you I feel So free It’s like a fantasy Having you next to me Suddenly it’s Magic One look One touch, Words just won’t say enough When you fall in love, Suddenly, suddenly it’s magic Lyrics of Your Name Ft Myrtle – Young Jv I gotta stop My fooling around Let’s be together Right here and now I gotta know your name I gotta know your name I see you across the room all I can say is what a beautiful lady Got me a bit of a daze unlike Any other like you was mercedes Your beauty is equipped to have me spinning like turntables The music make me flipped. Yeah Just like their record label Baby I just wanna Have a conversation Your eyes shine bright Like constillations Baby. All right I’ll be spitting my game So come over here and Baby tell me your name Just like a bank roll on increment Baby girl You got my interest We connect like internet Possibilities infinite ( oh-woah-woah ) you got me Wondering (you got me wondering) ( oh woah-woah ) cause we can Really be strong I gotta stop My fooling around Let’s be together Right here and now I gotta know your name I gotta know your name You stand up from the crowd Let’s be together Right here and now I gotta know your name Oh,boy. I’m into you I must say you got game I find you kind cute You don’t need to be strong Why ain’t you asking For my name and my number Should I wait another hour Or should I take it With my own words We can start a romance Why don’t you wanna try (oh woah-woah ) you got me Wondering(you got me wondering) (oh woah-woah)’cause we can Really be something I gotta stop My fooling around Let’s be together Right here and now I gotta know your name I gotta know your name You stand up from the crowd Let’s be together Right here and now I gotta know your name I gotta know your name Baby,we can fly ( Baby , we can fly ) to a different paradise ( to a fifferent paradise) and baby Tell me your name Then I’ll tell you mine name , woah (And then I’ll tell you mine babe woah) Lyrics of Mistletoe – Justin Bieber It’s the most beautiful time of the year Lights fill the streets spreading so much cheer I should be playing in the winter snow But I’mma be under the mistletoe I don’t wanna miss out on the holiday But I can’t stop staring at your face I should be playing in the winter snow But I’mma be under the mistletoe With you, shawty with you With you, shawty with you With you under the mistletoe Everyone’s gathering around the fire Chestnuts roasting like a hot July I should be chilling with my folks, I know But I’mma be under the mistletoe Word on the street Santa’s coming tonight, Reindeer’s flying through the sky so high I should be making a list, I know But I’mma be under the mistletoe With you, shawty with you With you, shawty with you With you under the mistletoe With you, shawty with you With you, shawty with you With you under the mistletoe Aye, love, the wise men followed the star The way I followed my heart And it led me to a miracle Aye, love, don’t you buy me nothing ’cause I am feeling one thing, your lips on my lips That’s a merry, merry Christmas It’s the most beautiful time of the year Lights fill the streets spreading so much cheer I should be playing in the winter snow But I’mma be under the mistletoe I don’t wanna miss out on the holiday But I can’t stop staring at your face I should be playing in the winter snow But I’mma be under the mistletoe With you, shawty with you With you, shawty with you With you under the mistletoe With you, shawty with you With you, shawty with you With you, under the mistletoe, under the mistletoe Kiss me underneath the mistletoe Show me baby that you love me so-oh-oh Oh, oh, ohhh Kiss me underneath the mistletoe, Show me baby that you love me so-oh-oh Oh, oh, ohhh Lyrics of Live While We’re Young – One Direction {Liam} Hey girl I’m waiting on ya, waiting on ya Come on and let me sneak you out And have a celebration, a celebration The music up the windows down {Zayn} Yeah, we’ll be doing what we do Just pretending that we’re cool And we know it too Yeah, we’ll keep doing what we do Just pretending that we’re cool,So tonight {All} Let’s go crazy, crazy, crazy till we see the sun I know we only met but let’s pretend it’s love And never, never, never stop for anyone Tonight let’s get some and live while we’re young And live while we’re young Tonight let’s get some And live while we’re young {Zayn} Hey girl, it’s now or never, it’s now or never Don’t over think just let it go And if we get together, yeah, get together Don’t let the pictures leave your phone Oooh {Niall} Yeah, we’ll be doing what we do Just pretending that we’re cool ,So tonight {All}–Let’s go crazy, crazy, crazy till we see the sun I know we only met but let’s pretend it’s love And never, never, never stop for anyone Tonight let’s get some and live while we’re young Come on and live while we’re young Tonight let’s get some And live while we’re young {Zayn} And girl, you and I, we’re bout to make some memories tonight {Louis} I wanna live while we’re young We wanna live while we’re youn- {All} Let’s go crazy, crazy, crazy till we see the sun I know we only met but let’s pretend it’s love And never, never, never stop for anyone Tonight let’s get some and live while we’re young Crazy, crazy, crazy till we see the sun I know we only met but let’s pretend it’s love And never, never, never stop for anyone Tonight let’s get some and live while we’re young (Wanna live, wanna live, wanna live†¦) {Harry} Young! We wanna live while we’re young {All} Tonight let’s get some {Zayn} And live while we’re young Lyrics of Little Things – One Direction [Zayn] Your hand fits in mine Like it’s made just for me But bear this in mind It was meant to be And I’m joining up the dots with the freckles on your cheeks And it all makes sense to me [Liam] I know you’ve never loved The crinkles by your eyes When you smile You’ve never loved Your stomach or your thighs, The dimples in your back at the bottom of your spine But I’ll love them endlessly [ZaynLiam] I won’t let these little things slip out of my mouth But if I do It’s you Oh, it’s you they add up to I’m in love with you And all these little things [Louis] You can’t go to bed without a cup of tea And maybe that’s the reason that you talk in your sleep And all those conversations are the secrets that I keep Though it makes no sense to me [Harry] I know you’ve never loved The sound of your voice on tape You never want To know how much you weigh You still have to squeeze into your jeans But you’re perfect to me [HarryNiall] I won’t let these little things slip out of my mouth But if it’s true It’s you, It’s you they add up to I’m in love with you And all these little things [Niall] You’ll never love yourself half as much as I love you And you’ll never treat yourself right, darling, but I want you to. If I let you know I’m here for you Maybe you’ll love yourself like I love you, oh. [Harry] And I’ve just let these little things slip out of my mouth ‘Cause it’s you, Oh, it’s you, It’s you they add up to And I’m in love with you And all these little things [All] I won’t let these little things slip out of my mouth But if it’s true It’s you, It’s you they add up to I’m in love with you And all your little things We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together – Taylor Swift I remember when we broke up the first time Saying, â€Å"This is it, I’ve had enough,† ’cause like We hadn’t seen each other in a month When you said you needed space. (What? ) Then you come around again and say â€Å"Baby, I miss you and I swear I’m gonna change, trust me. † Remember how that lasted for a day? I say, â€Å"I hate you,† we break up, you call me, â€Å"I love you. Oooh we called it off again last night But oooh, this time I’m telling you, I’m telling you We are never ever ever getting back together We are never ever ever getting back together You go talk to your friends, talk to my friends, talk to me But we are never ever ever ever getting back together Like, ever†¦ I’m really gonna miss you picking fights And me, falling for it screaming that I’m right And you, would hide away and find your peace of mind With some indie record that’s much cooler than mine Oooh, you called me up again tonight But oooh, this time I’m telling you, I’m telling you We are never ever ever getting back together We are never ever ever getting back together You go talk to your friends, talk to my friends, talk to me (talk to me) But we are never ever ever ever getting back together Oooh yeah, oooh yeah, oooh yeah Oh oh oh I used to think that we were forever ever And I used to say, â€Å"Never say never†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Uggg, so he calls me up and he’s like, â€Å"I still love you,† And I’m like†¦ â€Å"I just†¦ I mean this is exhausting, you know, like, We are never getting back together. Like, ever†No! We are never ever ever getting back together We are never ever ever getting back together You go talk to your friends, talk to my friends, talk to me But we are never ever ever ever getting back together We, ohhh, getting back together,ohhh, We, ohhh, getting back together You go talk to your friends, talk to my friends, talk to me (talk to me) But we are never ever ever ever getting back together Good Time Feat Carly Rae Jepsen – Owl City Woke up on the right side of the bed, What’s up with this Prince song inside my head? Hands up if you’re down to get down tonight, Cuz it’s always a good time. Slept in all my clothes like I didn’t care, Hopped into a cab, take me anywhere. I’m in if you’re down to get down tonight, Cuz it’s always a good time. Good morning and good night, I wake up at twilight. It’s gonna be alright we don’t even have to try, It’s always a good time. Woah-oh-oh-oh Woah-oh-oh-oh It’s always a good time Woah-oh-oh-oh Woah-oh-oh-oh We don’t even have to try, it’s always a good time. Feet down dropped my phone in the pool again, Checked out of my room hit the ATM. Let’s hang out if you’re down to get down tonight, Cuz it’s always a good time. Good morning and good night, I wake up at twilight. It’s gonna be alright we don’t even have to try, It’s always a good time. Woah-oh-oh-oh Woah-oh-oh-oh It’s always a good time Woah-oh-oh-oh Woah-oh-oh-oh We don’t even have to try, it’s always a good time. Woah-oh-oh-oh Woah-oh-oh-oh It’s always a good time Woah-oh-oh-oh Woah-oh-oh-oh We don’t even have to try, it’s always a good time. Doesn’t matter when, It’s always a good time then. Doesn’t matter where, It’s always a good time there. Doesn’t matter when, It’s always a good time then. It’s always a good time! Woah-oh-oh-oh Woah-oh-oh-oh It’s always a good time Woah-oh-oh-oh Woah-oh-oh-oh We don’t even have to try, it’s always a good time. Woah-oh-oh-oh Woah-oh-oh-oh It’s always a good time Woah-oh-oh-oh Woah-oh-oh-oh We don’t even have to try, it’s always a good time. How to cite Lupain Ng Taglamig, Essay examples Lupain Ng Taglamig Free Essays Reaction Paper Ric Michael P. De Vera IV- Rizal Mr. Norie Sabayan I. We will write a custom essay sample on Lupain Ng Taglamig or any similar topic only for you Order Now A and B Arabic mathematics: forgotten brilliance? Indian  mathematics  reached Baghdad, a major early center of Islam, about ad 800. Supported by the ruling caliphs and wealthy individuals, translators in Baghdad produced Arabic versions of Greek and Indian mathematical works. The need for translations was stimulated by mathematical research in the Islamic world. Islamic mathematics also served religion in that it proved useful in dividing inheritances according to Islamic law; in predicting the time of the new moon, when the next month began; and in determining the direction to Mecca for the orientation of mosques and of daily prayers, which were delivered facing Mecca. Recent research paints a new picture of the debt that we owe to Arabic/Islamic mathematics. Certainly many of the ideas which were previously thought to have been brilliant new conceptions due to European mathematicians of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are now known to have been developed by Arabic/Islamic mathematicians around four centuries earlier. In many respects the mathematics studied today is far closer in style to that of the Arabic/Islamic contribution than to that of the Greeks. There is a widely held view that, after a brilliant period for mathematics when the Greeks laid the foundations for modern mathematics, there was a period of stagnation before the Europeans took over where the Greeks left off at the beginning of the sixteenth century. The common perception of the period of 1000 years or so between the ancient Greeks and the European Renaissance is that little happened in the world of mathematics except that some Arabic translations of Greek texts were made which preserved the Greek learning so that it was available to the Europeans at the beginning of the sixteenth century. That such views should be generally held is of no surprise. Many leading historians of mathematics have contributed to the perception by either omitting any mention of Arabic/Islamic mathematics in the historical development of the subject or with statements such as that made by Duhem in :- †¦ Arabic science only reproduced the teachings received from Greek science. Before we proceed it is worth trying to define the period that this article covers and give an overall description to cover the mathematicians who contributed. The period we cover is easy to describe: it stretches from the end of the eighth century to about the middle of the fifteenth century. Giving a description to cover the mathematicians who contributed, however, is much harder. The works and are on â€Å"Islamic mathematics†, similar to which uses the title the â€Å"Muslim contribution to mathematics†. Other authors try the description â€Å"Arabic mathematics†. However, certainly not all the mathematicians we wish to include were Muslims; some were Jews, some Christians, some of other faiths. Nor were all these mathematicians Arabs, but for convenience we will call our topic â€Å"Arab mathematics†. We should emphasize that the translations into Arabic at this time were made by scientists and mathematicians such as those named above, not by language experts ignorant of mathematics, and the need for the translations was stimulated by the most advanced research of the time. It is important to realize that the translating was not done for its own sake, but was done as part of the current research effort. Of Euclid’s works, the Elements, the Data, the Optics, the Phaenomena, and On Divisions were translated. Of Archimedes’ works only two – Sphere and Cylinder and Measurement of the Circle – are known to have been translated, but these were sufficient to stimulate independent researches from the 9th to the 15th century. On the other hand, virtually all of Apollonius’s works were translated, and of Diophantus and Menelaus one book each, the Arithmetica and the Sphaerica, respectively, were translated into Arabic. Finally, the translation of Ptolemy’s Almagest furnished important astronomical material. †¦ Diocles’ treatise on mirrors, Theodosius’s Spherics, Pappus’s work on mechanics, Ptolemy’s Planisphaerium, and Hypsicles’ treatises on regular polyhedra (the so-called Books XIV and XV of Euclid’s Elements) †¦ Perhaps one of the most significant advances made by Arabic mathematics began at this time with the work of al-Khwarizmi, namely the beginnings of algebra. It is important to understand just how significant this new idea was. It was a revolutionary ove away from the Greek concept of mathematics which was essentially geometry. Algebra was a unifying theory which allowed rational numbers, irrational numbers, geometrical magnitudes, etc. , to all is treated as â€Å"algebraic objects†. It gave mathematics a whole new development path so much broader in concept to that which had existed before, and provided a vehicle for futu re development of the subject. Another important aspect of the introduction of algebraic ideas was that it allowed mathematics to be applied to itself in a way which had not happened before. Al-Khwarizmi’s successors undertook a systematic application of arithmetic to algebra, algebra to arithmetic, both to trigonometry, algebra to the Euclidean theory of numbers, algebra to geometry, and geometry to algebra. This was how the creation of polynomial algebra, combinatorial analysis, and numerical analysis, the numerical solution of equations, the new elementary theory of numbers, and the geometric construction of equations arose. Let us follow the development of algebra for a moment and look at al-Khwarizmi’s successors. About forty years after al-Khwarizmi is the work of al-Mahani (born 820), who conceived the idea of reducing geometrical problems such as duplicating the cube to problems in algebra. Abu Kamil (born 850) forms an important link in the development of algebra between al-Khwarizmi and al-Karaji. Despite not using symbols, but writing powers of x in words, he had begun to understand what we would write in symbols as xn. xm = xm+n. Let us remark that symbols did not appear in Arabic mathematics until much later. Ibn al-Banna and al-Qalasadi used symbols in the 15th century and, although we do not know exactly when their use began, we know that symbols were used at least a century before this. Al-Karaji (born 953) is seen by many as the first person to completely free algebra from geometrical operations and to replace them with the arithmetical type of operations which are at the core of algebra today. He was first to define the monomials x, x2, x3, †¦ and 1/x, 1/x2, 1/x3, †¦ and to give rules for products of any two of these. He started a school of algebra which flourished for several hundreds of years. Al-Samawal, nearly 200 years later, was an important member of al-Karaji’s school. Al-Samawal (born 1130) was the first to give the new topic of algebra a precise description when he wrote that it was concerned:- †¦ with operating on unknowns using all the arithmetical tools, in the same way as the arithmetician operates on the known. Omar Khayyam (born 1048) gave a complete classification of cubic equations with geometric solutions found by means of intersecting conic sections. Khayyam also wrote that he hoped to give a full description of the algebraic solution of cubic equations in a later work . If the opportunity arises and I can succeed, I shall give all these fourteen forms with all their branches and cases, and how to distinguish whatever is possible or impossible so that a paper, containing elements which are greatly useful in this art will be prepared. Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi (born 1135), although almost exactly the same age as al-Samawal, does not follow the general development that came through al-Karaji’s school of algebra but rather follows Khayyam’s application of algebra to geometry. He wrote a treatise on cubic equations. .. represents an essential contribution to another algebra which aimed to study curves by means of equations, thus inaugurating the beginning of algebraic geometry. Let us give other examples of the development of Arabic mathematics. Returning to the House of Wisdom in Baghdad in the 9th century, one mathematician who was educated there by the Banu Musa brothers was Thabit ibn Qurra (born 836). He made many contributions to mathemat ics, but let us consider for the moment consider his contributions to number theory. He discovered a beautiful theorem which allowed pairs of amicable numbers to be found, that is two numbers such that each is the sum of the proper divisors of the other. Al-Baghdadi (born 980) looked at a slight variant of Thabit ibn Qurra’s theorem, while al-Haytham (born 965) seems to have been the first to attempt to classify all even perfect numbers (numbers equal to the sum of their proper divisors) as those of the form 2k-1(2k – 1) where 2k – 1 is prime. Al-Haytham, is also the first person that we know to state Wilson’s theorem, namely that if p is prime then 1+ (p-1)! is divisible by p. It is unclear whether he knew how to prove this result. It is called Wilson’s theorem because of a comment made by Waring in 1770 that John Wilson had noticed the result. There is no evidence that John Wilson knew how to prove it and most certainly Waring did not. Lagrange gave the first proof in 1771 and it should be noticed that it is more than 750 years after al-Haytham before number theory surpasses this achievement of Arabic mathematics. Continuing the story of amicable numbers, from which we have taken a diversion, it is worth noting that they play a large role in Arabic mathematics. Al-Farisi (born 1260) gave a new proof of Thabit ibn Qurra’s theorem, introducing important new ideas concerning factorisation and combinatorial methods. He also gave the pair of amicable numbers 17296, 18416 which have been attributed to Euler, but we know that these were known earlier than al-Farisi, perhaps even by Thabit ibn Qurra himself. Although outside our time range for Arabic mathematics in this article, it is worth noting that in the 17th century the Arabic mathematician Mohammed Baqir Yazdi gave the pair of amicable number 9,363,584 and 9,437,056 still many years before Euler’s contribution. C. Arabian Mathematics/ Islamic Mathematics In  the  9th  century  Arab mathematician al-Khwarizmi wrote a systematic introduction to algebra, Kitab al-jabr w’al Muqabalah (Book of Restoring and Balancing). The English word algebra comes from al-jabr in the treatise’s title. Al-Khwarizmi’s algebra was founded on Brahmagupta’s work, which he duly credited, and showed the influence of Babylonian and Greek mathematics as well. A 12th-century Latin translation of al-Khwarizmi’s treatise was crucial for the later development of algebra in Europe. Al-Khwarizmi’s name is the source of the word algorithm. By  the  year  900  the  acquisition of past mathematics was complete, and Muslim scholars began to build on what they had acquired. Alhazen, an outstanding Arab scientist of the late 900s and early 1000s, produced algebraic solutions of quadratic and cubic equations. Al-Karaji in the 10th and early 11th century completed the algebra of polynomials (mathematical expressions that are the sum of a number of terms) of al-Khwarizmi. He included polynomials with an infinite number of terms. Later  scholars,  including 12th-century Persian mathematician Omar Khayyam, solved certain cubic equations geometrically by using conic sections. Arab astronomers contributed the tangent and cotangent to trigonometry. Geometers such as Ibrahim ibn Sinan in the 10th century continued Archimedes’s investigations of areas and volumes, and Kamal al-Din and others applied the theory of conic sections to solve problems in optics. Astronomer Nasir al-Din al-Tusi created the mathematical disciplines of plane and spherical trigonometry in the 13th century and was the first to treat trigonometry separately from astronomy. Finally, a number of Muslim mathematicians made important discoveries in the theory of numbers, while others explained a ariety of numerical methods for solving equations. Many  of  the  ancient  Greek works on mathematics were preserved during the middle Ages through Arabic translations and commentaries. Europe acquired much of this learning during the 12th century, when Greek and Arabic works were translated into Latin, then the written language of educated Europeans. These Arabic works, together with the Greek classics, were responsible for the growth of mathematics in the West during the late middle Ages. Microsoft  ® Encarta  ® 2009.  © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. D. Origin of the Word Algebra The word algebra is a Latin variant of the Arabic word al-jabr. This came from the title of a book, Hidab al-jabr wal-muqubala, written in Baghdad about 825 A. D. by the Arab mathematician Mohammed ibn-Musa al-Khowarizmi. The words jabr (JAH-ber) and muqubalah (moo-KAH-ba-lah) were used by al-Khowarizmi to designate two basic operations in solving equations. Jabr was to transpose subtracted terms to the other side of the equation. Muqubalah was to cancel like terms on opposite sides of the equation. In fact, the title has been translated to mean â€Å"science of restoration (or reunion) and opposition† or â€Å"science of transposition and cancellation† and â€Å"The Book of Completion and Cancellation† or â€Å"The Book of Restoration and Balancing. † Jabr is used in the step where x – 2 = 12 becomes x = 14. The left-side of the first equation, where x is lessened by 2, is â€Å"restored† or â€Å"completed† back to x in the second equation. Muqabalah takes us from x + y = y + 7 to x = 7 by â€Å"cancelling† or â€Å"balancing† the two sides of the equation. Eventually the muqabalah was left behind, and this type of math became known as algebra in many languages. It is interesting to note that the word al-jabr used non-mathematically made its way into Europe through the Moors of Spain. There an algebrista is a bonesetter, or â€Å"restorer† of bones. A barber of medieval times called himself an algebrista since barbers often did bone-setting and bloodletting on the side. Hence the red and white striped barber poles of today. II. Insights The Arabian contributions to Mathematics are much used around the world. Their Mathematics shows a perfect way to represent numbers and problems, in a way to make it clearer and easier to understand. They have discovered many things about mathematics and formulated many formulas that are widely used today. I learned from this research that Arabs mathematics started when Indian mathematics reached Baghdad and translated it into Arabic. They improved and studied Mathematics and formulated many things. They become more famous when they discovered Algebra and improved it. Many Arabian mathematicians became famous because of their contributions on Mathematics. Many ancient Greeks works on mathematics were preserved through Arabic translations and commentaries. I am enlightened about the origin of what are we studying now in Mathematics. Now I know that majority of our lessons in mathematics came from Arabians not from Greeks. I also learned that many mathematicians contributed on different branches and techniques on mathematics and it take so much time for them to explore and improve mathematics. How to cite Lupain Ng Taglamig, Papers

Business Plan of Event Planning Company-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Develop a Business Plan for an Event Planning Company. Answer: Business Opportunities There are always a variety of occasions which are needed to celebrated in the society. In such a circumstance there lies an opportunity for development of an event planning business. As per the plan of the management, an event planning company is to be opened in Sydney, Australia (Schaper et al., 2014). The name of the company as decided by the management will be Gatsbys Party. The company will be specializing in providing services which will be making all arrangements of party, marriage, birthday, or any other occasions. As per the business plan of the company, the business model which Gatsbys Party will be following relates to effective cost management and providing the best quality services to the clients of the business. The occasions which are celebrated by the society are constant such as Christmas parties, marriages and birthday parties and similar occasions. If anything such occasions and event have increased over the years so there is constant demand in the market for party planners and the demand is only increasing (Kogan Papanikolaou, 2014). The need of party planners is justified as people like to take off the burden of planning and arrangements and keep the work for professionals for effective results and services. Therefore, there is ample opportunity in the market for Gatsbys Party. Moreover, a list of events such as Christmas, Annual Fest of Colleges, Prom nights are coming and therefore it is the perfect opportunity for the establish a business as there will plenty of demand for party planners for the events which are coming. In addition to this, there are always regular occasions such as marriages, reception parties, birthday parties which will be requiring planning. Most of the people in the society do not take the stress of arranging for parties and normally employ the services of party planners for the purpose of total arrangement of the party. The market for event planning is competitive in nature as per the analysis but the ample demand for the event planners in the market allows the proposed plan of establish a event planning company to be appropriate. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics, theprofession of event planning is expected to achieve growth at the rate of10% from now to 2024 which is even at a fasterratethan the averagegrowth rate which is attainable for any other profession (Bretherton, 2014). Thus, there is wide scope of opportunities present in the market of event planning and the business plan which is proposed for the event planning business is the correct one. Sales and Marketing Strategies Gatsbys Party which is being proposed to be established will be providing services as a planner to the society. The business will be targeting the clients who are within the age group of 25 years to 40 years of age. The main services which will be offered by Gatsbys Party are related to arrangement services for parties which will be including the decoration of the site where the party is to be held, the arrangements which are concerning music and dance in case of a fest or even a band performance as the case may be (Ingram et al., 2015). In addition to this, the event planner will be responsible for the foods which are supplied for the party. The plan of the management of the company is to hire a catering services which can provide food for the party. In case of an event planner business, the main requirement is to ensure that the business has tie up with different service providers like catering service providers, Bands, hotels or banquet halls for party in case the planner also has to select the place. The plan of the business is to enter into a tie up agreement which involves taking services of catering service providers and band musicians which can be made available to the customers incase they require such services. In addition to this the company plans to categorize the occasions on basis of occasions such as weddings, birthday parties, fests, Christmas parties and on the basis of the occasion and the nature of services which is employed by the customers, the fees are charged accordingly. The marketing activities of Gatsbys Party will be involving advertisement of the company and also of the various services which will be provided by the business (Armstrong et al., 2015). The advertisement activities of the business will be involving television advertisements and social media advertisements. The company will be collecting reviews of the clients and the members at the party as to how the arrangements of the party. On the basis of such feedback collection, the business will be able to advertise. However, all this depends on the quality of the services which will be provided by Gatsbys party. Another plan of the management of Gatsbys Party will be that in case of customers availing their services for the second time, discounts will be offered in order to retain the customer and promote customer loyalty (Laroche, Habibi Richard, 2013). In this way as well, the company will also be able to create a brand name and reputation in the market for providing quality services as well as looking out for the customers as well (Sah Fugh?Berman, 2013). In case of any default in the arrangements of the company, the company will bear the full costs of such a default or refund the money of the client as per the policy of the company. The important elements which the business will be considering for bettering the services of the company are given below: Price: The prices for the services will be depending on the nature of the party and the services which are taken by the client which may be arrangements, arrangements and foods services combined (Huang Sarigll, 2014). Place: The place where the company will be providing the services also affect the nature of services provides. In case of wedding ceremony, the place needs to be church and banquet hall or open garden and the arrangements need to be changed accordingly (Khan, 2014). Promotion: The management plans to promote the services which is provided by the company in social media which will give the business a wide access and coverage to the potential clients of the business (Andreti et al., 2013). The business will be reducing the prices of the products in order to stay competitive in the market. People: This refers to the targeted customers of the company. As per the plan of the company, the targeted customers will be in the age group of 25 years to 40 years. In other words, the business will be accepting will be accepting wedding arrangements, school fests, Christmas parties. Operational Strategies The operational strategies of Gatsbys Party will be focusing on the overall management of the company. The top-level management of the company will be comprising of the owners and the executives who are responsible for the overall management of the company (Sroka Hittmr, 2013). The important decisions will be taken by the top-level management of the company regarding what are the services which are to be provided by the company in terms for planning for occasions and from where the services of catering, musicians and other services are to taken when the customers orders for the same. After the top-level of management comes the managers who are responsible for the different areas such as decorations, hiring of catering services, hiring of bands, miscellaneous requirements. The managers of the company will also be responsible to look after the works of the staff who are engaged in arrangements. They are to judge whether everything is in order and appropriate. The next level of employees consists of the technicians who are responsible for the lights and fireworks arrangements in case of a night party. The lowest level forms of the staff employees who are basically support staffs (Schneider et al., 2014). As per the plan of the management, the suppliers of the input for the business will be from locals. In case of wedding, flowers are necessary which will be supplied by the lower flower arrangement shops. The costs will be depending on the type of flower used and the quantity ordered. Financial strategies The business as per plan will be started by an initial investment from the owners of Gatsbys Party. The initial capital requirement as per the estimate of the management will be of $ 490000. In addition to this the business will be also be taking a loan of $ 600000 to coverup the entire start-up costs of the business (Bender, 2013). It is the estimate of the management that the company will not be earning decent profits in the first year. In the third year, the sales revenue of the company will increase by around 20% as per the estimate of the management. Therefore, the profits of the business will also be increasing in the third year as per management estimate. The statement of profit and loss and the balance sheet of Gatsbys Party as forecasted is given below: (4) PROFIT AND LOSS FORECAST Preop Year 2018 2019 2020 Revenue $ 5,00,000.00 $ 5,50,000.00 $ 6,05,000.00 Cost of sales $ 4,50,000.00 $ 4,95,000.00 $ 5,44,500.00 Gross profit $ 50,000.00 $ 55,000.00 $ 60,500.00 Gross Margin 10% 10% 10% Expenses/overheads Salaries of Staff $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 Depreciation of Furniture $ 10,000.00 $ 10,000.00 $ 10,000.00 Supervisor's Salary $ 6,000.00 $ 6,000.00 $ 6,000.00 Rent of the Premises $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 Electricity $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 Interest on loans $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 Marketing and Sales cost $ 4,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 Total expenses/overheads $ 45,000.00 $ 43,000.00 $ 41,000.00 Profit before tax $ 5,000.00 $ 12,000.00 $ 19,500.00 Tax @ 20% $ 1,000.00 $ 2,400.00 $ 3,900.00 Profit after tax $ 4,000.00 $ 9,600.00 $ 15,600.00 Transfer to reserves $ 4,000.00 $ 9,600.00 $ 15,600.00 Balance Sheet Assets 2018 2019 2020 Current Assets Cash $ 5,00,000.00 $ 5,50,000.00 $ 6,00,000.00 Accounts receivable $ 4,00,000.00 $ 3,40,000.00 $ 4,60,000.00 Total current assets $ 9,00,000.00 $ 8,90,000.00 $ 10,60,000.00 Fixed (Long-Term) Assets Furniture $ 4,00,000.00 $ 4,00,000.00 $ 5,00,000.00 Equipments $ 3,00,000.00 $ 3,00,000.00 $ 3,00,000.00 Computer and appliances $ 2,00,000.00 $ 2,00,000.00 $ 2,00,000.00 (Less accumulated depreciation) $ -3,00,000.00 $ -3,50,000.00 $ -4,00,000.00 Total fixed assets $ 6,00,000.00 $ 5,50,000.00 $ 6,00,000.00 Total Assets $ 15,00,000.00 $ 14,40,000.00 $ 16,60,000.00 Liabilities and Owner's Equity Current Liabilities Accounts Payable $ 2,00,000.00 $ 3,00,000.00 $ 3,50,000.00 Accrued Rent $ 50,000.00 $ 1,00,000.00 $ 1,50,000.00 Bank Charges Payable $ 40,000.00 $ 40,000.00 $ 40,000.00 Income taxes payable $ 60,000.00 $ 60,000.00 $ 60,000.00 Accrued salaries and wages $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 General Expenses $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 Total current liabilities $ 4,00,000.00 $ 5,50,000.00 $ 6,50,000.00 Long-Term Liabilities Long-term debt $ 6,00,000.00 $ 6,00,000.00 $ 5,00,000.00 Less: Loan Repayment $ -1,00,000.00 $ -2,00,000.00 Total long-term liabilities $ 6,00,000.00 $ 5,00,000.00 $ 3,00,000.00 Owner's Equity Owner's investment $ 4,90,000.00 $ 3,75,000.00 $ 6,90,000.00 Net Profits $ 4,000.00 $ 9,600.00 $ 15,600.00 Reserve and Surplus $ 2,800.00 $ 3,800.00 $ 4,400.00 Total owner's equity $ 4,96,800.00 $ 3,88,400.00 $ 7,10,000.00 Total Liabilities and Owner's Equity $ 14,96,800.00 $ 14,38,400.00 $ 16,60,000.00 Start Up Expenses for 2018 Start-up Expenses Fixed Costs Particulars Amount License cost $ 5,000.00 Rent of premises $ 15,000.00 Electricity $ 3,000.00 Salaries of Staff $ 5,000.00 Marketing and sales cost $ 18,900.00 Office equipment $ 3,500.00 Total Fixed Costs $ 50,400.00 Average Monthly Costs Rent $ - Interest on loan $ 2,000.00 Total Average Monthly Costs $ 2,000.00 x Number of Months: $ 12.00 Total Monthly Costs $ 24,000.00 Total Startup Expenses $ 74,400.00 Start-up Assets Sources of funds Owners Fund $ 4,90,000.00 Total Owner Funding $ 4,90,000.00 Loans Bank Loan $ 6,00,000.00 Other Total Loans $ 6,00,000.00 Total Startup Funds $ 10,90,000.00 Assets Furniture $ 4,00,000.00 Equipment $ 3,00,000.00 Computer and appliances $ 2,00,000.00 Total Fixed Assets $ 9,00,000.00 Total Start-up Assets $ 19,90,000.00 References Andreti, J., Zhafira, N. 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